lab Intro

Hurumanu - Science Laboratory introduction

Aim: To learn about the expected behaviour in a science laboratory.

Our R9 Class Treaty

1.    bags under your desk 
2.    no food and drink
3.   no running
4.   don't touch experiments
5.  report any breakage or spills
6.   do not taste or sniff anything

Safety in a laboratory.

teacher   shoes   practical  teacher laboratory   ask  sniff teacher  breakages 

1.   Follow the instructions given to you by the teacher.
2.   You must not enter the laboratory without your shoes.
3.   Report all accidents to your teacher.
4.   You must never eat or drink in a lab.
5.   shoes must be worn at all times.
6.   If you spill something you should tell your teacher immediately.
7.  You should wash your hands after every activity.
8. You should know what you are doing. If in doubt ask your teacher.
9. Never taste or smell chemicals.

In your group, discuss how the following scenarios could be dangerous.

1. Not putting your bag under your desk.  someone can trip
2. Running around in the laboratory. someone can trip
3. Not wearing shoes in a laboratory. you can stub your tow
4. Shaking a test tube with your thumb over its mouth? chemicals could harm your skin

How do we work in this laboratory?

1. Beginning and End of class: Lining up, Entry, Seating, 
2. Equipment tray: equipment list and details.

• Test tube - This is used for experiments using liquids. They have a bung that can be placed in the top. Test tubes sit in a test tube rack.Conical Flask - This is used for experiments with liquid up to 150 ml. The flask has a rubber bung for the top and the glass is heatproof.
• Glass Stirring rod - This is a 20cm glass rod used to stir and mix any liquids together.
• Test tube tongs - These are used to hold a hot test tube after an experiment.
• Spatula - This is for holding very small amounts of chemical powders.
• 
• Funnel - used to channel liquids into a smaller container.
• Measuring Cylinder - This is used to measure liquids for experiments. The liquids will be poured into a beaker or test tube once measured out.

White Powder

Hurumanu - What is that white powder?

Today you will be a Forensic Chemist. 

A bag of white powder has been confiscated by airport customs.  You need to find out what white powder it is?

Aim: To learn about the makeup of different white powders.

There are a number of different white powders in our everyday life. Some of these are harmful and others are not. Test the four white powders listed to see which one has been found at the airport.

Here are some examples of everyday kitchen white powders.

Flour, Cornflour, Sugar, Salt, Baking Soda, Baking Powder, Icing Sugar, Tartaric Acid

Citric Acid, Gluten Free Flour

You will be given a small amount of 4 white powders on your cardboard. On the black cardboard using a magnifying glass look at the powders.

Look at them under your magnifying glass and record what you see. 

These are the four powders we will be using. Upload a photo of each powder. 

1.  Cornflour
2.  Baking Soda
3.  Salt
4.  Sugar 

Before you add the iodine, vinegar or water you will need to divide each powder into 3.

Materials

1.  cornflour

2.  baking soda

3.  salt

4.  sugar

5.  vinegar

6.  iodine

7. water

Steps

1.get powders split them into thirds 

2. add the iodine to 1/3  of all the powders

3. watch

4. add water to another third of all the powder

5. watch

6. add vinegar to another third of all the powder

Findings:

the mystery powder is baking soda

	Sugar	Salt	Baking Soda	Cornflour
Appearance	white	white	white	white
Texture	large	large	small	small
Smell	sweet	sea salt	lemony	none
Iodine	absorbs	absorbs	hardens	sits then hardens
Water	melts	sits	melts	absorbs
Vinegar	melts	absorbs	bubbles	sits

Write a paragraph about your findings.

The mystery powder was baking soda the main reason we were able to tell was that the baking soda with the vinegar made bubbles which were unique to the baking soda that reason the baking soda reacted that way was because together they create carbon dioxide.

skittles

Skittles

Aim: To separate colours from skittles by using the chromatography.

Definition: Chromatography is a method of separating out materials from a mixture.

Eg. blood, ink, drugs,

Materials;

1. Yellow skittle. 

2. Red skittle. 

3. Orange skittle. 

4. Purple skittle. 

5. Green skittle. 

6. Petrie dish.

7. Water.

Process:

 Step 1: Get stuff you need.

 Step 2: Put skittles in Petrie dish.

 Step 3: Spread the skittles across the Petrie dish going to each edge of it with them remember to spread out equally.

 Step 4: Pour water into dish.

 Step 5: Watch.

 Step 6: Eat.

Conclusion: What have I learnt from this experiment?

This was a fun experiment and so cool to watch but the skittles were hard and sticky after we pulled them out of the water the reason the skittles looked liked they melted is that they have a food coating that comes of in water.

Rainbow Paper

Hurumanu - Rainbow Paper

Aim: To separate colours by using the process of chromatography.

Definition: Chromatography is a method of separating out materials from a mixture.

Eg. blood, ink, drugs,

Scenario

A crime has been committed. The police have a signed cheque and a letter from the same crime scene but it seems like the handwriting is different. They have 3 suspects but not enough evidence. They need to know if the letter and the cheque were written by the same person.

How do they tell if the pens used for both of these pieces of evidence are the same?

Rainbow paper

Materials;

1. Paper.

2. Pencil.

3. Ruler.

4. 2 markers.

5. Cup.

6. Water.

Process:

Step 1: Get paper.

Step 2: Rule a line with the pencil 1cm away from the bottom of the paper.

Step 3: Draw 2 dots on the line.

Step 4: Fold the paper over the side of the cup.

Step 5: Pour a little bit of water in the cup.

Step 6: Watch.

Conclusion: What have I learnt from this experiment?

Water travels up the paper because water is sticky and the molecules like to stay together and go up.

 

10 chems

Aim: To learn the names of 10 household chemicals and identify if they are a solid, liquid or a gas.

Equipment:

1. Soap.

2. Lemon juice.

3. Salt.

4. Vinegar.

5. Sugar.

6. Milk.

7. Onion.

8. Lemonade.

9. Bleach.

10. Baking Soda.

Task 1: Put the 10 chemicals in a chart with the titles - Name, Chemical ingredient(s), Image, Solid/Liquid/Gas.

I learned a lot about chemicals lots of it I don't understand but I know about different chemicals now at least.

Name	Chemical	Image	solid/liquid/gas
soap	Sodium and potassium salts		Solid / liquid
Lemon juice	Citrus acid		liquid
salt	Sodium chloride		solid
vinagar	Acetic acid and water		liquid
suger	glucose and fructose		solid
milk	Calcimum hydroxide		liquid
Onion gas	Allium cepa		gas
lemonade	Fructose		liquid
bleach	Sodium hypochlorite		liquid
Bakeing soda	Sodium bicarbonate		solid